Religião de Paz II

Cruzadas Cristãs

1094 Byzantine emperor Alexius Comnenus I asks western Christendom for help against Seljuk (Muslim Turks) invasions of his territory. 1095 Pope Urban II preaches first Crusade; they capture Jerusalem in 1099. Cruzadas Islamicas

630	Muhammad conquers Mecca from his base in Medina.
632	Muhammad dies in Medina. Islam controls the Hijaz.
636	Muslims conquest of Syria, and the surrounding lands, all Christian – including Palestine and Iraq.
637	Muslim Crusaders conquer Iraq (some date it in 635 or 636).
638	Muslim Crusaders conquer and annex Jerusalem, taking it from the Byzantines.
638 – 650	Muslim Crusaders conquer Iran, except along Caspian Sea.
639 – 642	Muslim Crusaders conquer Egypt.
641	Muslim Crusaders control Syria and Palestine.
643 – 707	Muslim Crusaders conquer North Africa.
644 – 650	Muslim Crusaders conquer Cyprus, Tripoli in North Africa, and establish Islamic rule in Iran, Afghanistan, and Sind.
673 – 678	Arabs besiege Constantinople, capital of Byzantine Empire.
691	Dome of the Rock is completed in Jerusalem, only six decades after Muhammad’s death.
710 – 713	Muslim Crusaders conquer the lower Indus Valley.
711 – 713	Muslim Crusaders conquer Spain and impose the kingdom of Andalus. The Muslim conquest moves into Europe.
718	Conquest of Spain complete.
732	Muslim invasion of France is stopped at the Battle of Poitiers / Battle of Tours. The Franks, under their leader Charles Martel (the grandfather of Charlemagne), defeat the Muslims and turn them back out of France.
762	Foundation of Baghdad.
785	Foundation of the Great Mosque of Cordova.
789	Rise of Idrisid amirs (Muslim Crusaders) in Morocco; Christoforos, a Muslim who converted to Christianity, is executed.
800	Autonomous Aghlabid dynasty (Muslim Crusaders) in Tunisia
807	Caliph Harun al—Rashid orders the destruction of non-Muslim prayer houses & of the church of Mary Magdalene in Jerusalem.
809	Aghlabids (Muslim Crusaders) conquer Sardinia, Italy.
813	Christians in Palestine are attacked; many flee the country.
831	Muslim Crusaders capture Palermo, Italy; raids in Southern Italy.
837 – 901	Aghlabids (Muslim Crusaders) conquer Sicily, raid Corsica, Italy, France.
869 – 883	Revolt of black slaves in Iraq.
909	Rise of the Fatimid Caliphate in Tunisia; these Muslim Crusaders occupy Sicily, Sardinia.
928 – 969	Byzantine military revival, they retake old territories, such as Cyprus (964) and Tarsus (969).
937	The Church of the Resurrection (aka Church of Holy Sepulcher) is burned down by Muslims; more churches in Jerusalem are attacked.
960	Conversion of Qarakhanid Turks to Islam.
969	Fatimids (Muslim Crusaders) conquer Egypt and found Cairo.
973	Israel and southern Syria are again conquered by the Fatimids.
1003	First persecutions by al—Hakim; the Church of St. Mark in Fustat, Egypt, is destroyed.
1009	Destruction of the Church of the Resurrection by al—Hakim (see 937).
1012	Beginning of al—Hakim’s oppressive decrees against Jews and Christians.
1050	Creation of Almoravid (Muslim Crusaders) movement in Mauretania; Almoravids (aka Murabitun) are coalition of western Saharan Berbers; followers of Islam, focusing on the Quran, the hadith, and Maliki law.
1071	Battle of Manzikert, Seljuk Turks (Muslim Crusaders) defeat Byzantines and occupy much of Anatolia.
1071	Turks (Muslim Crusaders) invade Palestine.
1073	Conquest of Jerusalem by Turks (Muslim Crusaders).
1075	Seljuks (Muslim Crusaders) capture Nicea (Iznik) and make it their capital in Anatolia.
1076	Almoravids (Muslim Crusaders) (see 1050) conquer western Ghana.
1086	Almoravids (Muslim Crusaders) (see 1050) send help to Andalus, Battle of Zallaca.
1090 – 1091	Almoravids (Muslim Crusaders) occupy all of Andalus except Saragossa and Balearic Islands.

Mas o Islamismo é um religião de paz.